Apparatus for treating coals and other hydrocarbonaceous substances.



J. =D. SCOTT.

APPARATUS FOR TREATING GOALS AND OTHER HYDROCARBONACEOUS SUBSTANCES.APPLICATION FILED OCT. 23, 1914.

1,1 90,957 I Patnted July 11, 1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET l.

in: NORRIS PETA-Rs co" puamurna. wAsumcmn. n. c.

J. D. SCOTT.

APPARATUS FOR TREATING CQALS AND OTHER HYDROCARBONACEOUS SUBSTANCES.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 23,1914- 1 v 1 1,1 90,957. Patented July 11,1916.

4 SHEETS-SH ET 2.

. J. D. SCOTT.

APPARATUS FOR TREATING GOALS AND OTHER HYDROCARBONACEOUS SUBSTANCES.

Patented July 11, 1916.

ASHEETS-SHEET 3.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 23. 1914. 1,190,957.

m: NORRIS rzrsns ca. Pnamurnm, wasnmflmn, n. c.

1. 0. SCOTT. APPARATUS FOR TREATING COALS AND OTHER HYDROCARBONACEOUSSUBSTANCES.

. APPLICATION nus!) OCT. M11914. 1,1 90,957. Patented July 11, 1916.

4 sums-sum 4 omirrmz. wuumcmn o c TE ST rs PATE T F I I JOHN DUNLAPSCOTT, OF-DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 11, 1916.

Original application'filed August 26, 1910, Serial No. 579,019. Dividedand this application filed October 23, 1914. Serial No. 868,242.

This inventlon relates I to apparatus for I treating coals, such forinstance as cannel,

bituminous and other coals having a high percentage of volatile matter,shales, lignites, and other carbonaceous substances so that a portion oftheir constituents may be converted into volatile hydrocarbonaceousoils, and such hydrocarbonaceous substances which yield when subjectedto heat at certain temperatures vapors of heavy oils,

waxes, naphthas, phenols and other products, and at higher temperaturesyield tar, naphthalene, benzol, sulfur and other products of a moreorless gaseous nature, and the object of the invention is to provide animproved apparatus so as to obtain by the treatment of these substancesthe maximum amount of the products which are thrown off at the lowertemperatures without dissociating the initial products or producing any,or but a minimum quantity of, gaseous products; also to prevent thedestruction by combustion of the residual coke produced by the treatmentof cannel and other coals; also to promote the rapid, continuous,uniform, and practically simultaneous treatment or eduction of theentire charge of these substances; also to extract the volatile productsof coals, shales and lignites and other hydrocarbonaceous substances bybringing into contact therewith a deoXidized gas and causing the same topass therethrough and thus effect a thorough extraction of thoseproducts from the substances and greatly reduce the time required foreducing or converting the charge into volatile hydrocarbonaceous oils,also to insure an uninterrupted movement of the heat currents throughand out of the eductio'n chamber and their'thorough' and intimatecontact with the coal or other charge therein; also to prevent theinterruption of the movements of the heat currents and also to promotethe rapid efliux of the vapors from the charge treating or eductionchamber and, by carrying them away from the inflow-ing heat as rapidlyas they are thrown off, prevent the formation or dissociation of gaseousproducts.

The present application is a division of my "applioation,-- Serial No.579,019, filed August 26th, 1910,'and allowed May 13th, 1914, andtherefore the gist of the present improvement is the provision, inconnection with an apparatus of the character described of improvedcharge 'trays so constructed that. the heat'currents will circulatearound andsubstantially through every part of the charge. a

' A further object of the invention is the provision .of an improvedtray. carrier particularly adapted for use in an apparatus of thecharacter described.

A further object of the invention is the provision of an improved meansfor separating the trays from such carrier. .And generally, the objectof "the invention is the provision of improved devices and apparatus ofthe character described by means of which the results hereinbefore setforth may bequickly and readily and comparatively inexpensively obtainedin a thorough and practical manner, and by means of which also theconversion of .the charge into volatile hydrocarbonaceous oils willcommence at a temperature of about 250 degrees F., so that when thetemperaturereaches about 7 00 degrees F., the conversion of practicallyall of the constituents of the charge which are capable of beingconverted into volatile hydrocarbonaceous oils can then be completed,and by means of which also an effective treatment of every portion ofthe charge is obtained, and this without the ignition of any part ofthecharge.

In thedrawings accompanying and forming'part of this specification,Figure 1 is a perspective elevation of the eduction chamber withportions thereof broken away to more effectively disclose the chargesupporting trays and their carrier; Fig. 2 is-a plan view of theapparatus;"Fig. 3 is aperspective diagrammatic View of this improvedapparatus, the figure also illustrating the crane for lifting the traysfrom the carrier; Fig. 4'. is a perspective view of the tray carrierwith the door at one end detached and the door at the opposite end open;Fig. 5 is a perspective view of one of the charge carrying trays with apart of its perforated or open-mesh bottom broken away; Fig. 6 i adetail enlarged view of a portion of the carrier shown in Fig. asupporting one corner of one of the trays; Figs. 7 and 8 are detailviews of the means for operating the tray carrier and maintaining thechamber airtight at the points where the operating means is locatedunder the chambers; Fig. 9 is a detail view of one of the bars which maybe used for securing the side walls of the tray carrier together; Fig.10 is a detail view of the means for preventing a backdraft between thetray carrier and the bot tom of the chamber; and Fig. 11 is an enlargedview of the tray lifting crane.

Similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughoutthe several figures of the drawings. In this improved apparatus thesubstance to be treated, cannel coal or shale for example, is placed intrays supported by a suitable carrier or casing open at the bottom andtop, but tightly closed at the sides, and at the ends by doors, andwhich carrier is inclosed in a chamber from which the air is excluded.In connection with this tray carrier or casing a heat producingapparatus is employed in such a manner that the products of combustion,such as a deoxidized or neutral gas, produced in the present instance bygas flame, will act directly on the sides of the tray carrier and alsobe carried into the carrier at the top thereof and down through thecharge supported by the several trays, and thus be caused to impingeupon the coal or shale in the trays by passing over and through suchtrays. This tray carrier or casing connects directly or indirectly withsuitable means for either forcing or drawing the vapors through asuitable connecting pipe into a condenser. In the present instance thismeans is shown as a fan or exhauster. The charge of coal or shale isplaced in the casing of the eduction chamber and divided into aplurality of layers supported in such manner that the heat currents mayreadily pass down through the several layers from one to another.

In the present apparatus the gas flame used for producing the heat isbrought in direct contact with the side walls of the tray carrier, thusdoing away with the use of fires and fire chambers entirely separatedfrom the carrier. The temperature within the eduction chamber isrestrained or kept below the point where incandescence or red heatoccurs, and usually varies between about 250 degrees F., at whichtemperature the eduction or conversion of the charge commences, andabout 700 degrees F., at which temperature the complete separation ofthe volatile hydrocarbonaceous oils is usually obtained. When thetemperature has reached about 250 degrees F., the ex hauster is startedand driven at such speed as to effectively draw the deoxidized gas intothe tray carrier at the top thereof and downward through the severaltrays and thus over and through, the bodies of coal, whereby suchdeoxidized gas is caused to impinge upon the coal and thus convert oreduce therefrom the vapors, which as they develop join with such heatcurrents and are caused to flow with them out of the eduction chamber asrapidly as they are formed, being then driven by the exhauster to acondenser, or to several thereof, where the vapors thus produced in themanner stated are condensed into heavy oils. The temperature of theproducts of combustion, or deoxidized gas, should be considerably belowred heat to prevent the production of such gaseous products as areevolved at high temperatures, and the effect of these relatively lowtemperatures is to cause vapors and sprays of the heavy oils and waxesto be drawn out of the coal or shale, which vapors are swept rapidlyaway from the points where they develop and out of the eduction chamberand away from the incoming heat before dissociation can take place, bythe free rapidly moving heat currents with which they mingle.

It will be observed that in the present apparatus the heat to which thecharge is subjected is largely due to direct heat on the sides of theinner or removable chamber or tray carrier, so that the combustion gasesmerely tend to sweep away the oil vapors thus formed and give adirection to the currents of those oil vapors, whereas heretofore theheat was solely obtained from the high temperature combustion gases.Furthermore, the zigzag passing of the heated gases in the apparatusheretofore used tended to cool those gases, so that by the time theyreached the bottom trays the eduction caused by them was very imperfectand the coke on the bottom trays was found to contain very much morevolatile matter than the coke 011 the upper trays, but by means of thepresent .apparatus, whereby the deoxidized gas passes not only over andunder the trays,

but also transversely through the charge,-

whether in the top or the bottom tray, every part of the charge iscompletely treated, so that substantially the same volatile matter isobtained from the lower trays as from the upper.

The apparatus shown herein for the treatment or eduction of thehydrocarbonaceous substances consists of an eduction chamber 2 having infront thereof and connected thereto a preliminary heating chamber 3,which in practice is preferably provided with an auxiliary heatingapparatus by means of which the charge may be heated up preparatory tothe conveyance thereof into the eduction chamber, whereby when carriedinto the latter chamber the charge will be more quickly heated and thevolatile hydrocarbonaceous material extracted therefrom in a more rapidmanner, thus ma tcrially reducing the time necessary for carrying outthis improved process. At the rear of and connected with the eductionchamber is a cooling chamber 4, these chambers being separated fromeachother by suitable doors. This cooling chamberlpermits the cycle ofoperations to go on continuously without the necessity of leaving thetray carrier in the eduction chamber for the purpose of being cooled,which would of course necessitate a gradual cooling down of the eductionchamber without the admission of any cold air, the admission of whichwould tend to ignite the charge. By the provision of this coolingchamber the charge can be gradually cooled without affecting thetemperature in the eduction chamber, and it also prevents the ignitionof the charge, which would immediately take place if the charge werebrought into the open air instead of into the cooling chamber thusdestroying the residual coke and seriously impairing the efficiency ofthe process. By this system of chambers, it will be observed that theeduction chamber 2 is always in condition for the reception of a newcarrier containing a charge of material to be treated, and in thepresent improvement it will also be observed that this charge, whenconveyed into the eduction chamber has already been heated to apredetermined temperature, so that in consequence the time required tocompletely treat or educe the charge in the eduction chamber is verymuch lessened, as well as better results obtained. These chambers arepreferably formed by suitable masonry or concrete, and of a suitablesize to receive a considerable number of trays.

The tray carrier 7 is shown herein made up of I-beams 8, the flanges ofwhich are suitably bolted together, thus forming a pair of side walls 9and 10, the inner flanges 11 projecting into the chamber of the carrierconstituting the supports for the trays. The bottom walls of thechambers 2, 3 and 4 are provided with suitable supporting rollers one ofwhich is shown at 4, Fig. 1, by means of which the carrier is readilyrun from one chamber into the other. The side walls of the chambers arealso provided with rollers adapted to engage the sides, as for instancea pair of exterior flanges of the carrier, thereby to prevent sidewiseplay or lateral movement of the carrier and also to facilitate theshifting of the carrier.

Within the eduction chamber 2, and at the sides of the carrier chamberthere are located gas pipes 15, one at each side of the carrier, havinga series of jets such as Bunsen burners extending along the carrierthroughout the length thereof adjacent to the bottom, and by means ofwhich the heat for the conversion of the charge is obtained, the spacesbetween the sides of the carrier and the inner walls of theeductionchamber constituting fines or heat passages by means of which thedeoXidized gas is drawn upward and over the top of the carrier. Thepreliminary heating chamber is also provided with similarly arranged gasjets 15' which are, however, located at somewhat greater distances apartthan are those in the eduction chamber, this for the purpose ofproviding a less degree of heat'in the preliminary heating chamber, sothat the eduction or separation of the volatile hydrocarbonaceousmaterial will not actually commence until the carrier has been shiftedinto the eduction chamber. These gas pipes are connected by suitableconduits 16 leading to a suitable source of supply.

The tray carrier is provided at each end with a door 17 hinged theretoand having a suitable catch 18 for tightly clamping it in position. Thetrays 19 are preferably formed of angle iron having suitable braces 20supporting a perforated or reticulated bottom 21, shown herein as formedof wire mesh, by means of which the heated products of combustion ordeoXidized gas may be drawn not only over but downwardly through thecharge carried by the trays and thusfrom one tray to another from top tobottom thereof. The side walls of the carrier are suitably connectedtogether by connecting members or bars 22 detachable to permit the traysto be separated from the carri r in the manner hereinafter described.

By" forming the trays in the manner shown the necessity of arrangingthen in a zigzag formation is obviated, with the result that instead ofthe heated gases becoming cool by the time they reach the bottom of thetrays, as heretofore, which resulted in an imperfect, eduction so thatthe coke on the bottom trays contained much more volatile matter thanthat on the upper trays, a

,much more perfect eduction of all of the charge is not only obtained,but a more perfect eduction of the charge on the lower trays is theresult, practical demonstration disclosing that by this improvedapparatus a larger amount of volatile hydrocarbo naceous oils isobtained.

The chamber separating doors, together with the door 25 closing thefront of the chamber 3, and a similar door, not shown, for closing therear end of the chamber 4:, are sliding doors mounted in suitable waysand attached to cables 27, one for each door, the manipulation of eachof which cables and its door is controlled by an independent mechanism,whereby the door may be raised and lowered at the proper time. As themeans for operating these doors constitutes the subject-matter of acontemporaneously filed application, a detailed description thereof inthe present application is deemed unnecessary.

For shifting the tray carrier or carrier chamber from one of thecompartments or chambers to the other of the eductor, suit able means isprovided. In the present improvement each tray carrier is provided atits underside with a rack 50 .of substantially the length of thecarrier, this rack being located preferably centrally between the sidesof the carrier to extend lengthwise thereof, and to project beyond one,as the front end of the carrier. This enables the carrier to becompletely shifted from one chamber into another, for until the traycarrier is shiftedentirely into the chamber, a part of the rack willremain in engagement with the gear. Located under each of the chambers2, 3 and 4 and under the platform in front of the preliminary heatingchamber 3 and at the rear of the cooling chamber is the carrier shiftingmechanism, and as they are all similar the description of one of them isdeemed sufficient. Each of these mechanisms comprises a gear 52 looselymounted on a rotating shaft 54 and projects either above its platform inthe front and rear of the eductor or through a slot 52 in the bottom ofthe several chambers 2, 3 and 4 to engage the rack 50. This slot 52 ofeach chamber is closed by the means hereinafter described so as tomaintain such chambers air-tight. This rotating shaft 54 has a pulleywheel 58 connected by a belt 59 with another pulley wheel 60 mounted ona shaft 61, on which shaft there is also mounted a belt pulley 62connected with a suitable source of power, as for instance the motor 63,which constitutes the source of power for raising and lowering the doorsas well as for shifting the carriers.

For connecting the gear 52 to the rotating shaft 54 a clutch is used,see Figs. 7 and 8, one member as 7 0, being carried by the gear 52 andthe other, as 71 keyed or splined to the shaft 54, and thereforerotating therewith. A clutch shifter 72 straddles the clutch member 71and is connected to a sliding rod 73 linked to an operating handle 74'.The manipulation of this handle 74 will engage or disengage the clutchmembers. When such members are engaged the gear 52 will be rotated withthe shaft, and so shift the tray carrier, which when shifted into theproper position in a chamber will have the forward end of its rack passfrom its shifting gear 52.

In practice when the carrier is brought by its truck, in front of thefirst chamber, the lever 74 adjacent to that chamber is manipulated,whereupon the gear 52 in mesh with the rear end of the rack of the traycarrier will be rotated, and thereupon shift the carrier into the firstchamber. Thereupon, the door is lowered. When it is desired to shiftthis carrier in chamber 3 into the eduction chamber 2, the tray carrierin chamber 4 is first shifted by a similar rack mechanism to that justdescribed from such chamber 4 and the rear door lowered. Thereupon thedoor 6 is raised and the carrier in the eduction chamber 2, with theresidual coke, shifted by a rack shifting mechanism similar to that justdescribed from the eduction chamber 2 to the cooling chamber 4 and thedoor 6 lowered. The door 5 is then raised and the carrier in chamber 3,by its rack shifting mechanism, then shifted into the eduction chamber 2and the door 5 lowered, whereupon another carrier, with its loadedtrays, may be shifted into the chamber 3 in readiness to be conveyedinto the eduction chamber in the manner just described.

Located in front and rear of the apparatus is a truck track for the traycarrier truck 79, ('see Fig. 2) and to one side of the platform is asuitable crane 81 for lifting and separating the trays from the carrier.This crane runs upon a suitable track 82 and is provided with wormwheels 83 and 84 in mesh with right and left hand worms 85 carried by ashaft 86. On one end of the shaft is a sprocket or chain wheel 87 for ahand chain 88. Carried by each of the worm Wheels 83 is.a dependingchain 89 having hooks 90, such hooks adapted to en gage with projectingloops or rings 92 in the ends of the trays. When the trays have beenproperly loaded they are carried by the crane into position to bereceived by the tray carrier, which is mounted upon a truck movable uponthe track 80. The trays being carried by the crane in the manner shownin Fig. 11, are conveyed lengthwise into the carrier above the traysupporting flanges, and to permit this the detachable brace bars 22 areremoved. IVhen they are in their proper position in the carrier thechain is manipulated to slightly lower the trays, whereupon they arebrought into position to be supported upon the interior flanges 11 ofthe carrier, whereupon a further lowering of the chains 89 and the hookswill release the trays from the crane and thereupon the crane can beremoved. A similar means is provided for lifting the trays at the end ofthe chamber 4 for the purpose of dumping the trays with the coke orresidual material therein.

For the purpose of shifting a carrier from the rear to the front of theapparatus, thereby to permit the carriers to be re-used, at one side ofthe apparatus I have shown the platform provided with suitable rollers95,

similar rollers 96 being located in front of the first chamber 3 tofacilitate the shifting of the carrier into that chamber.

In practice a number of these apparatus may be provided, as shown by thedotted lines 100 in Fig. 3 which is intendedto illustrate another systemof chambers similar to that hereinbefore described, whereby any desirednumber of eductors may be in use at the same time, so that a certainquantity of material may be treated per day.

Communicating with the underside of the eduction chamber is a conduit101 which leads to a suitable fan or exhauster 102, which may be drivenfrom any suitable source of power, such for instance as a motor 103.This conduit 101 may have a drip outlet 101 emptying into a tank or tub101", see Fig. 3. This fan casing communicates with suitable condensers200.

Since the eduction chamber, as well as the other chambers should bemaintained air-tight and as the rack shifting gears are always in rackengaging position and therefore project through the bottoms of thechambers, some means must be provided to close the bottom wall of eachof these chambers. For this purpose each of the gears 52 and its clutch,(excepting of course, the gear located in front of the preliminaryheating chamber and in the rear of the cooling chamber,) is located in atightly closed casing or box 105 secured to the underside of the chamberwalls, the shaft 54 and rod 73 only projecting therefrom at one side.The platform in front of the preliminary heating chamber, and at therear of the cooling chamber are each, as hereinbefore stated, providedwith an opening for the projection of the gear 52, located respectivelyat the front and rear of these chambers, but as this opening is outsideof the chamber no box such as 105 is necessary at this point. Otherwisethe rack shifting mechanism for all of the chambers is the same. Inpractice the outer, that is the front and rear, doors of the apparatuswill, subsequent to each loading of the chambers in the mannerhereinbefore described, be made air-tight by the use of some suitablematerial, such as asbestos cement.

Above each of the doors 5 and 6 of the eduction chamber is located ahood 120, which is entirely closed at its top and on all sides, exceptthe bottom, with the exception of the necessary opening for the passageof the chain or cable connected to the door. These hoods prevent theegress of the heated air from theeduction chamber as well as the ingressof cold air thereinto and permit the raising of the door the requireddistance to permit the shifting of the tray carrier.

By means of the present apparatus it Wlll be observed that a uniformtemperature can be maintained throughout the height of the carrier inview of the fact that the flame from the gas jets will impinge upon theoutside surfaces of the carrier at points along the lower portion of thesldes thereof thus heating the material on the trays at those pointswhere it has heretofore been impracticable to obtain a suflicient amountof heat to complete the eduction of the volatile matter in the lowertrays. Thus, the heat which is drawn up and over the top of the carrierand down through the trays is supplemented at the lower portion of thecarrier by the heat which comes in contact with the carriers at thispoint owing to the location of the gas jets in the manner stated, sothat the material in the lower trays is as effectively treated as is thematerial in the upper trays.

The apparatus above described, when applied to the treatment of coal,produces a very superior quality of coke as a result of. thecomparatively low temperature at which the treatment is carried on, thatis below red heat or incandescence, with practically no tar or gaseousproducts being thrown off, no-coking of the coal in the usual sense ofthat term taking place, and the residual coke differs from cokes asusually produced 1n its properties and approximates closely to charcoal,which it resembles in some of its characteristics, notably in its,porosity,

ease of ignition and free burning qualitles.

The charge to be treated being located between the gas flames which arewithin the eduction chamber, and not without the same, greatly increasesthe rapidity and efliciency of the apparatus herein described, as thedesired temperature within the eduction chamber is more quicklyobtained, while a more uniform temperature results by reason of the factthat the heat radiates through the side walls of the carrier itself andthe heat currents pass up over the top of the side walls of the carrierand down through the trays.

In the present improvement certain gases passing to the condensers 200are incon densable, and these may be utilized for the purpose ofproviding the heat in the. preliminary heating and eduction chambers, byconveying such gases from the condensers to a tank 201, and connectingthe gas pipes 203 with such tank and thus utilizing these incondensablegases to supply heat for the extraction of the volatile oils.

In practice the bottom of the eduction chamber 2 will be provided with alow Wall or partition 205 to inclose the sides of the carrier so as toprevent the heated currents from being drawn under the carrier insteadof up through the fiues and down through the carrier. These walls mayhave their upper edges bent over to overlap the lower outer flanges ofthe I-beams of the carrier.

The term reticulated herein is intended to cover a perforated or openmesh or reticulated bottom. 7

I claim as my invention:

1. In an apparatus of the class described, a tray carrier having itsside walls made up of I-beams, with the flanges thereof forming traysupports and open at its bottom and top, the latter to permit thepassage from end to end thereof of tray supporting means, and providedwith doors at its ends.-

2. In an apparatusof the class described, a tray carrier having its sidewalls made up of I-beams, with the flanges thereof forming tray supportsand open at its bottom and top, the latter to permit the passage fromend to end thereof of tray supporting means, and provided with doors .atits ends, and trays supported on the flanges of said I-beams.

3. In an apparatus of the class described, a tray carrier having itsside walls made up of I-beanis with the flanges thereof forming traysupports and open at its bottom and top, the latter to permit thepassage from end to end thereof of tray supporting means, and providedwith doors at its ends, and trays supported on the flanges of saidI-beams and each having a reticulated bottom.

4. In an apparatus of the class described,

- a tray carrier having its side walls madeup of I-beams, with theflanges thereof forming tray supports and open at its bottom and top,the latter to permit the passage from end to end thereof of traysupporting means, and provided with doors at its ends, and removabletrays supported on the flanges of said I-beams and each having .areticulated bottom.

5. In an apparatus of the class described,

' the combination of a shiftable tray carrier,

superposed trays supported thereby, .and means for raising said traysfrom the carrier and shifting the same bodily endwise therefrom.

6. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a traycarrier, superposed trays supported thereby, and means for raising allof said trays simultaneously from'the carrier and shifting the samebodily endwise therefrom and comprising a crane havingdepending memberscarrying hooks adapted to engage loops at the ends of the trays.

7. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a traycarrier the side walls of which are made up of I-beams, trays carried bythe opposed flanges of said I- beams, doors for the ends of saidcarrier, and means for raising the trays from the supporting flanges andshifting said trays bodily endwise from the carrier on the opening ofthe doors.

8. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a traycarrier the side walls of which are made up of I-beams, trays carried bythe opposed flanges of said I- beams, doors for the ends of saidcarrier, and means for raising the trays from the supporting flanges andshifting said trays bodily endwise from the carrier on the opening ofthe doors, said carrier having removable braces.

' 9. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a traycarrier open at its top to permit the passage from end to end thereof oftray supporting means, and superposed trays each adapted for use only inan oil eduction furnace supported by said carrier and each having areticulated bottom.

10. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a traycarrier, a rack located along the bottom thereof, and means for engagingsaid rack to shift the carrier lengthwise, superposed trays supported bysaid carrier, and means for raising said trays from the carrier andshifting the same bodily endwise therefrom.

11. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a traycarrier, a rack located along the bottom midway thereof, means forengaging said rack to shift the carrier lengthwise, superposed trayssupported by said carrier, and means for raising said trays from thecarrier and shifting the same bodily endwise therefrom.

12. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a traycarrier, a rack located along the bottom midway thereof, means forengaging said rack, to shift the carrier lengthwise, superposed trayssupported by said carrier, and means for raising said trays from thecarrier and shifting the same bodily endwise therefrom, each of saidtrays having a reticulated bottom.

13. A tray adapted only for use in an oil eduction furnace and having areticulated bottom and having at its ends supporting means for thereception of tray carrying cables.

14. A tray carrier comprising a pair of side walls having a door at eachend, and removable means for connecting said side walls.

15. A tray carrier comprising a pair of side walls having a door at eachend, removable means for connecting said side walls, and a rack locatedalong the bottom of said carrier.

16. In an apparatus of the class described, a tray carrier adapted foruse only in an oil eduction furnace having its opposed side wallsprovided with tray supporting means, said tray carrier being open at itstop to permit the passage from end to end thereof of tray supportingmeans.

17. In an apparatus of the class described, a tray carrier having itsopposed side walls provided with tray supporting means, said traycarrier being open at its top to permit the passage from end to endthereof of tray supporting means and having an end provided with a door.

18. In an apparatus of the class described,

a tray carrier having its opposed side walls provided with traysupporting means, said tray carrier being open at its top to permit thepassage from end to end thereof of tray supporting means and having bothends thereof provided With doors.

19. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a traycarrier having its opposed Walls provided with supporting means, trayscarried by said supporting means, doors for the ends of said carrier,and means for raising the trays from the carrier supporting means andshifting said trays bodily endvvise fromsaid carrier on the opening ofthe doors.

20. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a traycarrier having its opposed Walls provided With supporting means, trayscarried by said supporting Copies of this patent may be obtained formeans, doors for the ends of said carrier, and means for raising thetrays from the carrier supporting means and shifting said trays bodilyendWise from said carrier on the opening of the doors, said carrierhaving removable braces.

21. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a traycarrier open at its top to permit the passage from end to end thereof oftray supporting means, superposed trays supported by said carrier andeach having a reticulated bottom, and means shiftable lengthwise of thecarrier for removing or replacing the trays.

JOHN DUNLAP SCOTT. Witnesses:

BEN PHEAN, L. RAMiLLos JEFFREY.

five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington,D. G.

